The Women s Suffrage Movement Essay - 2565 Words

At a first glance, one might look at the current status of women’s rights and conclude that much has changed since the beginning of the twentieth century. This is not entirely untrue - women have indeed been granted universal suffrage in the United States. However, there are still significant challenges which women face in the present day. This paper seeks to understand the early women’s suffrage movement in all aspects, which will include individuals, events, and activism. Although it did not happen immediately, this movement resulted in success in the form of universal suffrage. Through various activist tactics ranging from public protests to the more behind-the-scenes activism such as written articles. By studying and understanding activist movements of the past, we are better able to be successful in our present-day activism. This essay will also analyse the problems with voting that women face today, and attempt to discover ways in which the current situation can b e improved. Even though women have had suffrage for the past 96 years, they still face troubles when it comes to election day. Voter ID laws are emerging in many states, which can create struggles for women at the polls. This has disenfranchised many female voters, and has an even larger impact of women who come from minority groups. By raising awareness for these problems, we can help make change happen to improve the situation, just like the suffragettes did in the early women’s rights movement. Women’sShow MoreRelatedWomen s Suffrage And The Suffrage Movement Essay1492 Words   |  6 Pagesnyone know what the Women’s Suffrage is about? The Women’s Suffrage Movement is about the struggle for women to have equal rights as men such as vote, and run for office.What about the leaders of the suffrage? The most well known women’s rights activists were Susan B. Anthony, and Elizabeth C. Stanton. Does anyone know what amendment gave women the right to v ote? The nineteenth amendment. The nineteenth amendment to the United States forbids any US citizen to be denied the right to vote based onRead MoreThe Women s Suffrage Movement1553 Words   |  7 Pagesall American women had the right to vote, and were granted the same rights and responsibilities as men in terms of citizenship. Until this time, the only people who were allowed to vote in elections in the United States were male citizens. For over 100 years, women who were apart of the women’s suffrage movement fought for their right to vote, and faced many hardships and discrimination because of it. The American women’s suffrage movement was one of the most important political movements in historyRead MoreThe Women s Suffrage Movement1077 Words   |  5 PagesLife for women before August 18th,1920, was unequal to men (Adams, page 11). They did not have the right to vote nor were they able take action in anything. They also did not have a say in anything surrounding them. Government decisions were only taken by men. As years went by, women felt the need that they had to have a say in stuff. Today nearly fifty percent of the population in the United states are Women according to census. Considering that the average woman takes part of governmental electionsRead MoreThe Women s Suffrage Movement961 Words   |  4 PagesLate 19th century leader of the women’s suffrage movement, Lucy Burns was born in Brooklyn, New York on July 28, 1879 to a family that believed in gender equality. Her father Edward Burns believed that women should have an education and that they should work to improve the society. As the fourth child of the eight, Lucy Burns grew up as a pro women’s suffragist who later co-founded the Congressional Union with Alice Paul. (American) Burns graduated from Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York inRead MoreThe Women s Suffrage Movement Essay1153 Words   |  5 PagesFor decades, women struggled to gain their suffrage, or right to vote. The women’s suffrage movement started in the decades before the Civil War, and eventually accomplished its goal in the year of 1920 when the 19th Amendment was ratified into the U.S. Constitution. After the U.S. Civil War, the women’s suffrage movement gained popularity and challenged traditional values and sexism in the country; the increase of progressive social values benefited the women suffragists by allowing them to succeedRead MoreThe Women s Suffrage Movement1952 Words   |  8 Pagesdocument. She was one of the earliest woman suffrage activists and her words towards her husband would eventually snowball into one of the most remembered suffrage movements in the history of the United States (Revolutionary Changes and Limitations). The women’s suffrage movement picked up speed in the 1840-1920 when women such as Susan B. Anthony, Carrie Chapman Catt, and Alice Paul came into the spot light. These women spearheaded the women suffrage movement by forming parties, parading, debating,Read MoreThe Women s Suffrage Movement1443 Words   |  6 PagesThe woman suffrage movement, which succeeded in 1920 with the adoption of the Nineteenth Amendment, coincided with major national reform movements seeking to improve public education, create public health programs, regulate business and industrial practices, and establish standards agencies to ensure pure food and public water supplies. In 1870, the first attempt that Virginia women, as a campaign, fought for the right to vote in New Jersey when native Anna Whitehead Bodeker invited several men andRead MoreThe Women s Suffrage Movement889 Words   |  4 Pagesled the campaign for women’s suffrage during Wilson s administration. 2. NAWSA: National American Woman Suffrage Association. Founded by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony to secure the vote for women. 3. True Womanhood: (1820s-1840s) Idea that the ideal woman should possess the traits of piety, purity, domesticity submissiveness. 4. President Woodrow Wilson: Was against the women’s suffrage movement. 5. Jeannette Rankin (Montana): In 1916, before women could legally vote, she becameRead MoreThe Women s Suffrage Movement963 Words   |  4 Pagesonce quoted, â€Å"If you want the rainbow, you have to put up with the rain.† This quote helps understand the impact the Women’s Suffrage Movement makes on the present day. In 1848 the battle for women’s privileges started with the first Women s Rights Convention in Seneca Falls, New York. On August 26, 1920, the 19th Amendment, which provided full voting rights for women nationally, was ratified in the United States Constitution when Tennessee became the 36th state to approve it (Burkhalter). FreyaRead MoreWomen s Suffrage Movement : Women1440 Words   |  6 PagesLakyn Young Mrs.Martinez English IV, 1st hour April 24, 2016 Women’s Suffrage Movement In the late 1800’s through the early 1900’s, women were not given the rights they have today and were being mistreated, but because of a few brave women who gave up their lives to fight for what they knew was right, this all changed. Many of these women were educated and brave, but were still denied their rights. Women have suffered through this long battle to get what they knew they deserved and took time out

Questions On Object Oriented Programming - 1418 Words

1 Growing a Language- by Guy Steele Shobha M. Kand Department Of Computer Science and Informatics, Purdue School of Science, IUPUI smkand@iupui.edu Abstract- A lecture given by Guy L. Steele in 1998 at â€Å"OOPSLA 13th ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming† focuses mainly on the nature and growth of programming-language design. The speaker started his lecture by giving insights into the use and nature of programming-languages. He started with examples of English language comparing with a programming-language. He talked about the set of constraints showing one may use any word of single syllable. The speaker also demonstrates it can be confining to expressing yourself when you don’t have access to an extensive vocabulary. If someone wishes to use the longer words, one must define them using only such words have one syllable Guy Steele shows with his talk is that small language restricts the expressiveness of thoughts. You must define a lot of new words to express your thoughts and ideas clearly. .He give s many more interesting points how languages should be grown. He discusses that how programmer needs to enhance the ability to expand the vocabularies of languages that feels weakened. The speaker ends his lecture after explaining the main goal of programming language design by giving various examples. [1][2][5] Keywords- Programming Language, Software Design, Object Oriented Programming, ACM conference, OOPSLA’98. 2 1. INTRODUCTION â€Å"A programming language is aShow MoreRelatedQuestions On Object Oriented Programming Essay1506 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is OOP? OOP (Object-Oriented Programming) is a programming language model organized around objects and data other than logic and actions. This would mean that the program takes a logical approach to programming instead of an action/reaction approach. The point of OOP is to manipulate the objects such as building, widgets, names, etc. and not have to manipulate the logic required to manipulate the objects. Now there are many OOP languages that can be used, but for this case we will be comparingRead MorePrg 211 Week One Paper898 Words   |  4 Pages †¢ Passing of data versus data encapsulation †¢ How object-oriented methods are similar to procedural modules * Code reuse in more than one program * Closing * References Introduction This paper will discuss the difference between procedural modules and object-oriented methods. How both methods work and some of the pro cons between theRead MoreAdvantages Of Object Oriented Programming1510 Words   |  7 Pages1 Advantages of object oriented programming One large advantage that object oriented programming has over other styles of programming, is that the objects created and used in object oriented programs can more than easily be used again in other programs, thus reducing the number of objects that need to be used. Another such advantage is to do with one of the 4 main concepts of object oriented programming, encapsulation. Simply, once an object has been created, one need not know of its implementationRead MoreObject Oriented And How It Has Gained Popularity For Cost Reduction And Quality Improvement1156 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Question: Object-oriented (OO) technology in software design and implementation has gained popularity for cost reduction and quality improvement. Research the concept of OO. In 10 pages ( double spaced, 12 point Times Roman font with 1 inch margins ), explain the evolution of OO, how it differs from procedural programming, why it is more cost effective and how it can improve software quality. The research project will be submitted through Turnitin Be sure to locate at least 6 sourcesRead MoreExplain Object Oriented Computer Program Development Techniques Essay969 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion 1: Explain object-oriented computer program development techniques. (PART A) Compare the principles of object oriented and procedural techniques. Object Oriented: First of all, (OOP) is the short form of objected oriented programming. It is a programming paradigm based on the concept of â€Å"objects†,Which are data structures that handle data, In the form of fields, called attributes and code, In the form of procedures,often known as methods. Procedural Language: A procedural language isRead MoreIs Object Oriented Programming?1150 Words   |  5 PagesObject Oriented Programming Jacob Webster â€Æ' What is Object Oriented Programming? Object oriented programming, also known as OOP, is one of the main programming paradigms. Programming paradigm means, a style or a â€Å"way† of programming. OOP allows the computer to view its program as a combination of objects, objects is real life object on which has characteristics, which can be exchange information in a reduced manner . This means that it’s able to combine with other classes with each other; this isRead MoreDesigning a New Programming Language718 Words   |  3 Pagesfrom two different programing languages. This presentation should illustrate the features of the various programing languages currently used in the industry and this common capabilities. The constant of this experiment is the comparison and use object oriented programing languages. After analysis create a programing language with the same structures and variables. Further define the classes of the language such as its attributes and characteristics. The language executed basic algor ithmic solutionsRead MoreTechnological Essays600 Words   |  3 PagesObject-Oriented Programming in C++, Fourth Edition Robert Lafore 800 East 96th St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA Copyright ï £ © 2002 by Sams Publishing All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although everyRead MorePersonal Learning Management Part1 Essay624 Words   |  3 PagesPersonal Learning Management Sylvia Rene Crozier PRG/211 September 9, 2013 Vic Echeverria Personal Learning Management The question at hand; is it possible to design an application to record high economic value learning tasks or insights that will allow for periodic review? Yes it is possible, yet there is a level of complexity to design such an application. To solve the problem the application needs to determine economic value or insight that will allow for review the important lessonsRead MoreParametric Polymorphism : Making Programming Powerful1429 Words   |  6 PagesParametric Polymorphism Making Programming Powerful While in designing a programming language the most important thing which should be taken care of is ‘simplicity’, a well designed language will have heavy emphasis on ‘generality’ as like on simplicity to make programming effective, efficient and powerful. By simplicity I mean that the developers should be able to understand its rules, able to cite them and handle the questions via rules with reasoning. But on the other side you also want to give

Impact of Employee Engagement on Organization Performance

Question: Research proposal on the topic: Impact Of Employee Engagement On Organization Performance. Answer: Chapter 1: Introduction During the recessionary economic climate, there was a shift from the focus of investing for the growth of the company towards various cost reduction methods. This significant shift made the higher authorities of the company to think of various cost reduction methods. This had lead to the situation when the involvement of the employees of the company was recognized (Andries Czarnitzki, 2014). The result was positive and there on, the same phenomenon has been used by many organizations with an intention to improve their organizational performance. Background of the study: Various researches have been done to understand the impact of employee engagement in the working of an organization. In one of the Harvard Business Analytic Service report an in depth interview with best practiced leaders has confirmed the importance of employee engagement in the business of the organization (Boxall Macky, 2014). These researches have proved that with the involvement of employees in an organization, the challenges that an organization face becomes easier to handle. Research aims and objectives: The aim of the research is to evaluate the impact of employee engagement in improving the performance of an organization. Aims of the study: The aim of the study can be stated as under: To understand the importance of employee engagement on the performance of an organization. To evaluate the various ways of employee engagement in the business journey of an organization. To find the impact of employee engagement in the performance of an organization. To recommend few ways to increase employee engagement in an organization. Research question: Q1. What is the importance of employee engagement on the performance of an organization? Q2. What are the various ways of engaging employees in the working of an organization? Q3. What is the impact of employee engagement in an organization? Q3. What are the possible recommendations for increasing employee engagement in an organization? Problem statement: Deriving at a particular decision becomes tough for the management team at many instances. It can be solved with the right intervention of the employees in the decision making process of the company (Cappetta et al., 20124). Rationale of the study: Companies have been reviewing various processes for the sake of improving the performance of the organization. A highly engaged work force in an organization not only improves the performance of the organization but it also help to increase productivity and reduce human capital. The continuous increase in the competition due to globalization of the market has made it a necessity to focus on the performance of the organization in order to compete and survive in the market. This research will shed light on the importance of engaging employees in the organizational activities and its impact on the performance of the organization. Research hypothesis: H0: Employee engagement helps to improve the performance of an organization. H1: Employee engagement does not help to improve the performance of an organization Structure of the study: The proposed structure of the study might be as follow: Figure: Proposed dissertation structure Chapter 2: Literature review: Introduction: The literature review section of the research study is done to understand the concepts related to the topic. For the same purpose, various theories and researches made on the same topic will be analyzed. Secondary sources such as books, journal, thesis and other online materials will be used. Concept of employee engagement: In simple language, employee engagement is the property of a relationship between an organization and its employees. An employee who is completely engaged in the regular activities of the organization and who is enthusiastic and positive in their action towards the organization can be called as an engaged employee. The phenomenon has become an important part in the job and responsibilities of the HR of a company. It is a stronger predictor of improving the performance of the company. However, it has been stated by Goetsch and Davis, (2014), that the result of better performance of an organization is a two way involvement, both from the side of the employee and the team of management as well. It has been pointed out by Green (2012), which if an employee is emotionally attached to the company, then the company can expect better results from the employee. Concept of organizational performance: The actual output or result of an organization measured against the intended output is known as organizational performance. It has been pointed out by Keller and Warner (2012), that there are few ways by which an organizations performance can be measured. These are: Financial performance: When it is viewed that the profit margin or the business turnover of the company has increased, it shows a clear indication that the company has gained certain financial profits from the previous time. For example, the concept of employee involvement in the operation of the organization has been recognized by IBM since a long time. In the year 2014, the company showed its improvement by the means of employee involvement. After the long recession period, the company saw certain improvements in its financial report in the mentioned year (Kitching et al., 2013). Product market performance: This is another scale of measuring the performance of a company in the market compared to its existing competitors. There is no doubt that the market is full of options and substitutions. People are opened to various choices to meet their demands. Thus, every company has to come up with some unique ideas to compete with the other existing products. Only when the company is able to come up with an innovative and creative idea in its product, the product is distinguished from others and the same can be easily recognized by the consumers. In this matter, it can be mentioned that innovative ideas can appear to any person at any instance of time. Thus, when there is an involvement of the employees in designing or implementing any kind of change in the product, it is expected that the result would be something prosperous. The same can be easily witnessed in the case of Apple Company. The company takes full co ordination of the employees in designing their produc t. The result of this method can not be neglected. The market share and the market demand of Apple iPhone are flawless. Share holder return: Shareholders means a lot to a company. They are the pillars of the financial condition of any company. Thus, it is evident that without their support, there is much less scope for the company to prosper in this competitive market. It has been pointed out by Liu and Yermack (2012), that employee involve dement in the business of a company has resulted to develop better relationship with the share holders of the comp0any. The same kind of scenario is observed in the food chain company McDonald. The company really appreciates the involvement of the employees in making major decisions for the company. Kit can be easily narrated that the relationship with the shareholders of the company has been possible to be good just due to the involvement of the employees in taking major decisions. Many organizations even use the balanced scorecard methodology: It is one of the strategies that a company undertakes for gaining maximum advantage from the performance of the employees of the company (Marchington Suter, 2013). It is in fact, one of the tools to measure the performance of the employees. By this means only, it can be assumed that the involvement of the employees is bound to affect the performance of the company as a whole. From the above discussion, kit is evident that involvement of employees has brought positive and good results in the performance of the company. Thus, it is expected that many other companies will also take such decision as a part of their companys strategy. Importance of employee engagement in organizational performance: According to Munisi and Randoy, (2013), one of the key strategies to improve the performance of an organization is to engage the employees in the regular activities of the organization. In fact, employee engagement has become the top priority for the senior executives in some well established organizations. As pointed out by Sharif and Scandura, (2014), a highly performing and engaged workforce is indeed required for the survival and growth of the company. This is important because the present scenario of the market is highly competitive due to globalization effect in the business. By the means of employee engagement, a better work force is created. This increases the productivity of the company and significantly reduces the cost of productivity. The managers and the higher authorities are mainly responsible for taking care of any kind of issue or problems that the company faces (Taylor, Bogdan DeVault, 2015). At these critical times, help from the employees of the company is inevitable. When the same is received fr4om them, it automatically improve the condition of the company and enhances the performance of the company as a whole. Total quality management is a new concept that has been derived as a part of the employee involvement in the performance of the organization. Many small and big companies are involving these managing criteria in their business strategies. The result that they have been received is always positive and prospering. In fact, it has been recognized by many authors and research experts and have concluded to the fact that involvement of employees is indeed required to bring better result in the performance of the company. Ways of engaging employee in an organization: Primarily, it is expected that the employees who are involved in the organization are recognized. Identifying the achievements of the organization is also important and taking active part to compel the employees to take active participation in maximizing the engagement of the employees. Three main ways has been suggested by Munisi and Randoy, (2013), to engage the employees in an organization for enhancing the performance of the organization. These are: Effective communication among the employees: It has been suggested by Wolfe and Sauaia, (2014), that in order to keep a balance in the working procedure of the company, kit is indeed important to keep an effective communication among the members of the company, that includes both employees and the employers. Developing clarity and engagement issues will enhance the performance of the employees in the organization. By the means of communicating with each other of the issues, different suggestions can arrive and that would proved to be one of the important fact6ors for solving the issue of the company. Achieving a high level engagement of employees: It has been pointed out by Sharif et al., (2014), that the employees are aware of the fall and rise of the company in which they are working. Thus, if the employees keep involved kin the matter of the companys operation, better solutions and proper guidance can be expected. It is the employee who knows the condition of both the companys and of the team of management that the company has. Thus, based on the experience and capability of the employees, achieving a better result can be easily expected. Strong executive leadership: When a group or team of members works under the guidance of an efficient and capable leader, the members become confident in their performing activity. Thus, a better result from the members can be expected if the team is provided with an efficient and capable leader as their guidance. Selecting a person as the leader of a team can bring out the best from the team members. The Role of the HR and the manager is very important in shaping the employee engagement in the organization. In fact, it can be said that the HR of a company should focus on using various tools that would help to engage the employee in the operation of the company. Unlocking the potential of the employees connecting them with the operation of the company, is one way by which employee engagement can be assured. It is expected that the HR will be responsible for re-engaging the employees in the process on organization improvement. Negative impact of employee engagement in organizational performance: As pointed out by Taylor, (2014), that involving the employees in the decision making process of the organization might prove to a harmful effect for the company as well. Reading Neuman, (2012), it has been found that every company has a management and board of members team who are responsible for making decisions for the organization. It is for their capability, qualification and experience that they have been given that post and not the employees. Thus, involving employees in the decision making process of the company might proved to be negative for the company because the employees are not considered to be capable enough to take part in such important decision. Summary: The literature review section has highlighted the various concepts related to the topic of the research. Both the variables of the research have been defined. The importance and the impact of the employee involvement in the performance of a company have been evaluated. Apart from that the negative impact of the same has also been discussed. Chapter 3: Methodology: Introduction: Methodology is the most important part of doing a research. Selecting a proper method for the sake of carrying out the research is important for deriving at a particular conclusion. If a proper methodology is not selected, then there are very less chance of getting a fruitful result of the research study. The different stages of methodology will be discussed s under: Type of investigation: The research design that might be used for the sake of carrying the investigation for the research study is descriptive design. By the means of descriptive design, the issues and the problems faced by various organizations in involving the employees in the operation of the company. The other two methods, such as the explanatory or the exploratory research design will not be used because using those methods require a lot of effort to be put in conducting the research. If explanatory method is chosen, then more questions would have raised rather than deriving at a particular conclusion (Panneerselvam, 2014). It is also assumed that deductive approach is to be taken for the sake of carrying out this research. By deductive technique, the already existing data will be analyzed and a better conclusion will be reached. The inductive approach will be avoided because it will require inducing new theories and then the application of the same in conducting the research. This method is quiet a difficult one and would become really tough for the researcher to conduct the research study. Data analysis: For the sake of analyzing the data, it is expected that the data and information that will be collected from the primary and the secondary data will be evaluated by the means of segregating the data in the form of table and charts. Some calculating software such as MS Excel might be used for calculating the average or the total of the numeric data that has been collected (Flict, 2015). The numerals that have been derived will be converted to charts and tables that the same can be easily compared with the each other. Thus, by this way the work can be made easier. Data collection method: In order to derive information regarding the topic of the study, it is expected that both primary and secondary research will be carried on. For the sake of secondary research, information available from the several books, journals and even articles will be analyzed. The theories and models that are related to the research study will be analyzed critically. Apart from that the books available online will also be used as reference for the study. For the primary research, both qualitative and quantitative data analysis will be carried on. For qualitative approach, a survey will be conducted among the employees of the selected organization and for the quantitative approach; the managers of the company will be approached for interview. Thus, information collected from these sources will be used for deriving at a particular conclusion. Sampling method: In collecting the samples from various sources, it is expected that both probability and non-probability sampling technique will be adopted. At the time of conducting the survey, it is expected that there the employees will be responsive enough to reply on the queries that the researcher would arise. Conducting interview with the managers of the organization falls under probability sampling. For getting better results, the researcher will make a survey paper with some close ended questions. The respondents will be asked to select from the given choices. This will help to analyze the collected response from the respondents in an easier way. Accessibility issues: At the time of carrying out the research, it is expected that certain accessibility issues will arise. These issues might arise at the time of taking appointment from the managers of the company. The managers might be busy or it might also happen that the managers will not be interested to meet the researcher. Again, at the time of conducting the secondary research, the books might not be accessible to the researcher. The theories or models might not prove to be good enough to support the arguments made by the researcher. Ethical issue: Ethical issue is very important to consider at the time of carrying out a research study. Without proper ethical consideration, the researcher might have to face great troubles while conducting the research. Some of the ethics that are to be kept in mind at the time of conducting the research are mainly during collecting the data. While conducting any kind of survey, it is expected that none of the respondents would be forced to participate in the survey. Their opinions are to be taken completely on their full co operation. For interviewing the managers of the company, the researcher needs to take appointment from the managers of the company by the means of sending letter or over the telephone. Timetable: Activities 1st to 3rd Week 4th to 10th week 11th to 13th Week 14th to 17th Week 18th to 21st Week 22nd to 23rd Week 24th Week Selection of the topic Data collection from secondary sources Creating layout Literature review Analysis and interpretation of collected data Findings of the data Conclusion of the study Formation of draft Submission of final work Figure: Gantt Chart Reference list: Andries, P., Czarnitzki, D. (2014). Small firm innovation performance and employee involvement.Small business economics,43(1), 21-38. Boxall, P., Macky, K. (2014). High-involvement work processes, work intensification and employee well-being.Work, Employment Society,28(6), 963-984. Cappetta, R., Maruping, L., Madden, J., Magni, M. (2015). Employee Self-Service Technology and Performance: the Role of Learning Transfer and Involvement. Flick, U. (2015).Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014).Quality management for organizational excellence. pearson. Green, F. (2012). Employee involvement, technology and evolution in job skills: A task-based analysis.Industrial Labor Relations Review,65(1), 36-67. Keller, B., Werner, F. (2012). New forms of employee involvement at European levelThe case of the European Company (SE).British journal of industrial relations,50(4), 620-643. Kitching, J., Kaperov, E., Collis, J. (2013). The contradictory consequences of regulation: The influence of filing abbreviated accounts on UK small company performance.International Small Business Journal Liu, C., Yermack, D. (2012). Where are the shareholders mansions? CEOs home purchases, stock sales, and subsequent company performance. InCorporate Governance(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Marchington, M., Suter, J. (2013). Where Informality Really Matters: Patterns of Employee Involvement and Participation (EIP) in a Nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Union Firm.Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society,52(s1), 284-313. Munisi, G., Randy, T. (2013). Corporate governance and company performance across Sub-Saharan African countries.Journal of Economics and Business,70, 92-110. Neuman, W. L., Robson, K. (2012). Basics of social research: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Panneerselvam, R. (2014).Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Sharif, M. M., Scandura, T. A. (2014). Do perceptions of ethical conduct matter during organizational change? Ethical leadership and employee involvement.Journal of Business Ethics,124(2), 185-196. Stoetzel, M., Bessant, J., Pinkwart, A. (2013). Accelerating high involvement: The role of new technologies in enabling employee participation in innovation.International Journal of Innovation Management,17(06), 1340020. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M. (2015).Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons. Vanichchinchai, A. (2012). The relationship between employee involvement, partnership management and supply performance: Findings from a developing country.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,61(2), 157-172. Wolfe, J., Sauaia, A. C. A. (2014). The Tobin q as a company performance indicator.Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning,30.

The Level Of Violence On Screen Essays - The Jerry Springer Show

The Level Of Violence On Screen The Analyzation of Violence on Screen In the last few years, I have noticed that on screen violence has become as common as a Cheesesteak in Philadelphia. People often argue that the violence seen on screen is influencing our culture, yet each year the amount of viewers' increase. It seems that in order for your film or program to be successful it must contain violence. In my opinion, this constant levitation of violence on screen is due to our cultures' infatuation with the art of violence. Violence is present in the most of our cultures most enjoyedfilms like Independence Day, daytime talk shows such as Jerry Springer and even in cartoons that have been around forever like Tom & Jerry. I can recall a time when daytime talk shows (Donahue, Oprah) would hardly ever have audience feed back and very few panelists. My how times have changed. On today's talk shows, such as Jerry Springer, there is always a boisterous audience member, or an insane guest. Just as sure as you will find Abe Lincoln on a penny, you will see a cha ir fly on Jerry Springer. The Springer show was the first show to have guests' fight without stopping the camera. Jerry Springers' blatant disrespect for daytime show rules stirred controversy in the media but it also stirred up something in the public?. interest.Although Jerry Springer had gone against all the rules of daytime, his rebellion had made his talk show the most watched show in the nation. When the Springer show surpassed the ratings of all time favorite Oprah Whinfrey, it was re-established that violence sells. Recently the Springer show has stopped airing its' fierce and very real fights for many reasons, one being that 23% of the people that watched his show are under the age of sixteen. Although Jerry Springer is a show intended for adults, childrens' shows contain violence as well.When I was a child, I saw nothing wrong with the Elmer Fudd hunting Rabbits or other Looney Tune characters being blown up, shot, or thrown off a cliff. Wile E. Cyote was always being kill ed while scheming to catch the Road Runner. The most popular cartoons always contained violence. Though not the most violent, Tom & Jerry exhibited the cat and mouse chase with a little extra. There have been countless times I have been glued to the TV as Tom was beaten up, cut up, or strangled by the witty mouse Jerry. It did not even strike me as violence, but it was. I watched Tom & Jerry a few days ago, I realized that the whole show was based on Tom and Jerry trying to kill each other. Tom trying to kill Jerry to eat him or keep his master and mistress happy and Jerry trying to kill Tom to save his life. There weren't a lot of weapons used in Tom & Jerry except for a few explosives here and there but never any guns like in many big screen movies.Everyone loves to go to the movie theatre with their over priced snacks and sticky floors, but what makes movies sell? The films that make the most money at the box offices are usually action films that have many fist fights, explosives and big guns. Independence Day grossed more at the box offices than any other film in history. The movies plot was typical. A group of fearless humans attempts to save the earth from vicious extraterrestrial. Will Smith fist fought aliens, blew up planets and clobbered all the bad guys. The movie was consisted of a visual feast of explosives, property damages, and incredible sound effects. Independence Day was to Sci-Fi what Twister was to disaster films. Although Independence Day contained a massive amount of violence almost every person in America went to see it, and loved it. Just because our culture loves violence on screen, it does not mean that we all have sick and tormented minds, we are not all just killers waiting to happen. Our culture is obsessed with real issues being dramatized . There is nothing wrong with having violence in films and on T.V. If a person wants to sit down

Animal Euthanasia in Zoos

Animal Euthanasia in Zoos While zoos in the United States favor contraception as a means of keeping their resident populations under control, other zoos around the world take a different approach: euthanasia. Dave Morgan, chairman of the Population Management Committee at the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums explained to the New York Times that international guidelines on the ethics of breeding zoo animals are sketchy. Apparently, since ethics and philosophies are so diverse among countries of the world, its tough to make blanket regulations. For instance, both the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria and the African Association of Zoos and Aquaria generally consider routine euthanasia a viable management and breeding strategy, while the Central Zoo Authority of India has recommended that euthanasia of zoo animals may be carried out only in the specific circumstances when any animal is in such an agony or pain that it is cruel to keep him alive. How Euthanasia Is Used for Population Control Zoos that favor euthanasia over contraception generally allow animals to mate naturally and permit mothers to raise their young until an age at which the family groups would instinctively separate in the wild. At that point, zoo officials employ lethal injection to kill young animals that exceed the zoos carrying capacity, dont fit into breeding plans, and are unwanted by other zoos. In the spring of 2012, the Copenhagen Zoo euthanized a pair of leopard cubs who were approaching two years of age as part of their breeding management plan. Each year, the zoo puts approximately 25 healthy animals to death, including chimpanzees, whose similarities to humans make opponents of euthanasia particularly squeamish. Arguments in Favor of Euthanasia Contraception (pills, implants, injections) can pose health risks to animals.Euthanasia allows animals the natural experience of bearing young and parenting.Terry Maple, the former director of Zoo Atlanta and co-editor of Ethics on the Ark, knows of no definitive research that assesses the importance of raising young to animals health, but he has said that observation indicates that most zoo animals are motivated and protective parents that play frequently with offspring.Euthanasia imitates animals survival in the wild, where high percentages of young die early in life as a result of predation, starvation or injury.According to longtime zookeeper and curator Peter Dickinson, There is nothing wrong in killing an animal if it is done quickly and with forethought and kindness. When animals are euthanized for the correct reasons, then it is morally right and justified. The uninformed will often level accusations of being heartless and not caring when precisely the opposite is true. Good zoos with managed populations can see the bigger picture †¦ it is the species which is being managed and not individuals. Arguments Against Euthanasia Opponents of euthanasia suspect that the killing of adolescent animals is a convenient way for zoos to maintain a continual supply of their cutest inhabitants (babies), which draw crowds and generate more money.Contraception is a more humane way to limit populations while allowing animal family groups to coexist naturally.Cheryl Asa, director of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums Wildlife Contraception Center at the St. Louis Zoo, does not believe that euthanasia is a feasible option for zoos in the United States. On an emotional level, I cant imagine doing it, and I cant imagine our culture accepting it, she said.Worldwide breeding networks and genetic planning can be used to avoid a surplus of offspring while still ensuring that many animals breed and raise offspring, claims Terry Maple, former director of Zoo Atlanta and co-editor of Ethics on the Ark. I am not saying management euthanasia is wrong. It is just not the best solution.Killing animals in zoos because they dont figu re into breeding plans is not euthanasia, its zoothanasia, and is a most disturbing and inhumane practice. Using the word euthanasia seems to sanitize the killing at least for some people and makes it more acceptable. While one might argue that many, if not all, animals in zoos suffer, killing animals who arent needed isnt mercy killing; its really a form of premeditated killing, argues Marc Bekoff, Professor Emeritus of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Colorado, Boulder.

Picasso at the Lapin Agile by Steve Martin

Picasso at the Lapin Agile by Steve Martin Picasso at the Lapin Agile is written by the iconic comedian/actor/screenwriter/banjo aficionado Steve Martin. Set in a Parisian bar at the beginning of the 20th century (1904 to be more precise), the play imagines a comical encounter between Pablo Picasso and Albert Einstein, both of whom are in their early twenties and fully aware of their amazing potential. In addition to the two historical figures, the play is also populated with an amusingly incontinent barfly (Gaston), a gullible yet lovable bartender (Freddy), a wise waitress (Germaine), along with a few surprises that trounce in and out of the Lapin Agile. The play takes place in one non-stop scene, lasting approximately 80 to 90 minutes. There isnt much plot or conflict; however, there is a satisfying combination of whimsical nonsense and philosophic conversation. The Meeting of the Minds: How to spark the interest of the audience: Bring two (or more) historical figures together for the first time. Plays such as Picasso at the Lapin Agile belong to a genre all their own. In some cases, the fictionalized dialogue is rooted in an actual event, such as (four music legends for the price of one Broadway show). More imaginative revisions of history include plays such as The Meeting, a fabricated yet fascinating discussion between Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. One could also compare Martins play to more serious fare, such as Michael Frayns Copenhagen (which focuses on science and morality) and John Logans Red (which focuses on art and identity). However, Martins play rarely takes itself as seriously as the aforementioned dramas. Audience members who dont want to be bogged down with overly-academic monologs and excruciating historical accuracy will be charmed when they discover that Steve Martins work just skims the surface of much deeper intellectual waters. (If you want more depth in your theater, visit Tom Stoppard.) Low Comedy Vs. High Comedy Steve Martins comic stylings cover a broad range. He isnt above a fart joke, as indicated by his performance in the adolescent-pandering remake of The Pink Panther. However, as a writer, he is also capable of lofty, high-brow material. For example, his 1980s film Roxanne, screenplay by Martin, wonderfully adapted Cyrano de Bergerac setting the love story in a small Colorado town, circa 1980s. The protagonist, a long-nosed firefighter, delivers a remarkable monolog, an extensive list of self-insults about his own nose. The speech is hysterical to contemporary audiences, yet it also harkens back to the source material in clever ways. Martins versatility is exemplified when one compares his classic comedy The Jerk to his novel, a very subtle blend of humor and angst. The opening moments of Picasso at the Lapin Agile inform the audience that this play will be making several detours into the land of silliness. Albert Einstein walks into the bar, and when he identifies himself, the fourth wall is broken: Einstein: My name is Albert Einstein.Freddy: You cant be. You just cant be.Einstein: Sorry, Im not myself today. (He fluffs his hair, making himself look like Einstein.) Better?Freddy: No, no, thats not what I mean. In order of appearance.Einstein: Come again?Freddy: In order of appearance. youre not third. (Taking playbill from audience member.) Youre fourth. It says so right here: Cast in order of appearance. So, from the beginning, the audience is asked not to take this play too seriously. Presumably, this is when snobby historians walk out of the theater in a huff, leaving the rest of us to enjoy the story. Meet Einstein: Einstein stops in for a drink while waiting to meet his date (who will be meeting him at a different bar). To pass the time, happily listens to the locals converse, occasionally weighing in his perspective. When a young woman enters the bar and asks if Picasso has arrived yet, Einstein becomes curious about the artist. When he looks at a small piece of paper with a doodle by Picasso he says, I never thought the twentieth century would be handed to me so casually. However, it is up to the reader (or the actor) to decide how sincere or sarcastic Einstein is about the importance of Picassos work. For the most part, Einstein exhibits amusement. While the supporting characters bicker about the beauty of painting, Einstein knows that his scientific equations have a beauty of their own, one that will change humanitys perception of its place in the universe. Yet, he is not too boastful or arrogant, merely playful and enthusiastic about the 20th century. Meet Picasso: Did someone say arrogant? Martins portrayal of the egotistical Spanish artist isnt too far removed from other depictions, Anthony Hopkins, in the film Surviving Picasso, fills his characterization with machismo, passion, and blatant selfishness. So too is Martins, Picasso. However, this younger portrayal is feisty and funny, and more than a bit insecure when his rival Matisse enters the conversation. Picasso is a ladys, man. He is blatant about his obsession with the opposite sex, and he is also unrepentant about casting women aside once he has used them physically and emotionally. One of the most insightful monologs is delivered by the waitress, Germaine. She chastises him thoroughly for his misogynist ways, but it seems that Picasso is happy to listen to the criticism. As long as the conversation is about m, he is happy! Dueling with Pencils: Each characters high level of self-confidence draws him to one another, and the most engaging scene of the play takes place when Picasso and Einstein challenge each other to an artistic duel. They both dramatically raise a pencil. Picasso begins to draw. Einstein writes a formula. Both creative products, they claim, are beautiful. Overall, the play is light-hearted with a few dashes of intellectual moments for the audience to contemplate afterward. As one would hope from a play by Steve Martin there are more than a few quirky surprises, one of the zaniest being an oddball character named Schmendiman who purports to be as great as Einstein and Picasso, but who instead is simply a wild and crazy guy.

Intellectual Property Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Intellectual Property Law - Essay Example An understanding of the philosophical premises behind Property rights are necessary in the understanding of the tug of war between the owners and the users of intangible information.1 Legal Commentators have often expressed their doubts as to whether these rights are actually rights or privileges as Machlup and Penrose have noted:2 " ... those who started to use the word property in connection with inventions had a very definite purpose in mind they wanted to substitute a word with a respectable connotation, 'property', for a word that had an unpleasant ring, 'privilege'." Intellectual property as a "property" thus is an intangible category of property with boundaries that are not always clear cut and which must be actively defended by the holder against infringements. 3 Tangible property is however visible and documented, and the boundaries are more easily given than for intellectual property.4 The law has developed to protect a person who holds certain intellectual property will be able to defend this property only if he/she is granted a particular right over this property. For example in relation to patents the rights are defined by the patent authorities based on what is defined in the patent claims.Like other property (tangible) one has to pay certain fees in order to have their "intellectual" property claim examined and determined and also of continuance fees paid.5 The concept of property rights thus stems from the ideas of John Locke.6Furthermore the notions of property rights developed in the 18th century as one of the core civil rights parallel to-and mutually reinforcing-the right to liberty.7However, most philosophers have put forward the notion that property is not a natural right but rather a deliberate construction by society in order to secure protection against pressure from the collective.8 Subscribing to the view that property is justified as a foundation for liberty and personal security which provides incentives for long-term investments.Also that if these rights are not balanced or protected they will affect economic growth and poverty reduction.as unpredictable property relationships always impeded impede economic growth.9Revisiting the tangible and intangible discussion between property it can be seen that it has been argues that while tangible property rights easily cause conflict this is not the case with as the popular notion with in the case law is that "no patent can stop a person from continuing something he has done before"10.However the problem arises before the courts when the patent claims do not just include what is actually new and invented and this causes problems in identifying what is known and whether existing processes and products would infact infringe the patent.There is a marked certainity thus despite the legal framework with regard to which a ctivities are acceptable and which activities might infringe the patent. A granted patent right is considered to fall within the scope of "possessions" inArticle 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the European Convention on Human Rights andFundamental Freedoms. However, the European Court of Human Rights has declined to give an opinion on whether a patent application